Development of city service cold chain logistics park under "shared ecology"
- 2018-06-19 14:40
- Sharing ecological cold chain logistics park urban distribution retail e-commerce logistics terminal
In view of the various problems in the actual operation of the cold chain logistics park, this paper proposes that "shared ecology" will be an important development trend of the cold chain logistics park in the future. It also analyzes the characteristics and advantages of the cold chain logistics park with "shared ecology" and the difficulties to be overcome in the process of realizing the "shared ecology", in order to share the "shared ecology". The development of city service cold chain logistics park provides a train of thought.
With the gradual growth of cold chain logistics, the supporting infrastructure has also developed rapidly. The number of refrigerated trucks has increased rapidly, and the growth rate of freezer is increasing rapidly. According to the statistics of the association organization, the total capacity of the cold storage in China is 8 million 800 thousand tons in the development plan of the cold chain logistics of agricultural products issued by the national development and Reform Commission in 2010, and the total capacity of China's cold storage in 2017 is 36 million 100 thousand tons. With the large number of new cold storage buildings, cold chain logistics parks have become a booming development in recent years.
First, the development of cold chain logistics park
After a period of follow suit construction, some cold chain logistics parks have encountered various problems in actual operation, and the prospect of recovering investment is slim. For example, the park, which is born out of the agricultural market, has not adapted to social development, for example, that the cold chain is equivalent to cold storage in the vicious circle of low price competition, and so on, not one by one.
At present, the cold chain is still a promising investment area. The Party Central Committee, the State Council and the relevant ministries and commissions have issued a number of relevant policies to support the development of cold chain each year. A large number of investment funds are optimistic about the cold chain, and many large state-owned enterprises, central enterprises and real estate enterprises have turned to cold chain markets.
However, the difficulty of the construction of the cold chain logistics park still exists, and it is more and more large, mainly reflected in the following: the first is that the land resources are tense year by year, especially the high quality logistics land near the urban consumer area, the more the large cities (such as North and Guangzhou) need logistics, the more the land is tense, the logistics center is moved out of the year; two The cold chain infrastructure investment is heavy, the same area, the low temperature is about 3 times the normal temperature investment; the three is the cold chain building form closely related to the business type. once the building is fixed, the business type of the later operation is difficult to change, the cold chain operation is very risky; four is the cold chain construction and operation of the professional strong, it takes time to spend the time product Tired; five, the government's supervision over food safety is increasingly strict, and the relevant cold chain logistics construction requirements are getting higher and higher.
How to adapt to the development trend and overcome the difficulties, to build a cold chain logistics park with good operation, profitable and promising development to meet the needs of different customers and social residents' life? This becomes a matter of concern. From the experience of the professional cold chain consultation service and the industry research in Beijing Kai Tajo Tai Consulting Co., Ltd. for more than ten years, "shared ecology" will be an important development trend of the cold chain logistics park in the future.
Two. Characteristics of the shared ecological cold chain logistics park
The new mode of production, such as sharing package, sharing capacity and sharing factory, has also been hot after the sharing of single car, shared car, shared charging treasure, sharing basketball, sharing umbrella and other new forms of economy.
The "sharing" mode of logistics has many benefits, but it is not easy to really realize it. Behind the "sharing" is an effective collection of complex ecological circles. As a cold chain logistics park with "shared ecology", the author thinks that it should have the following characteristics.
First, a large area, less than 100 mu, more than 1000 acres, there are usually several logistics buildings. Suitable for the "shared ecology" park location, usually near the urban consumption area, with dense traffic network.
The two is the main body of cold chain in the park, such as third party cold chain logistics service enterprises, food trade enterprises, chain retail enterprises, e-commerce enterprises, catering enterprises, food processing enterprises, equipment leasing enterprises and so on.
Three, the cold chain logistics park with "shared ecology" should be based on the core of logistics business. For example, urban distribution services can assemble the distribution of urban cold chain logistics terminals, such as chain retail enterprises, e-commerce enterprises, catering enterprises and other urban cold chain logistics terminals, and integrate the logistics services such as low temperature storage, a small amount of room temperature storage, sorting, circulation processing, transportation and other related logistics services. With the support of shared logistics services, the central kitchen business can be introduced to provide standard processing sites and unified logistics services for catering enterprises. After the collection of food and beverage, e-commerce, retail and other circulation terminal enterprises, at the same time can be introduced to the food trade enterprises, and can also carry out regional collection, allocation and other trunk logistics business.
The order of the central kitchen, the processing of the material and the trade of the material, and so on, can be adjusted according to the actual situation of the park, but the logistics business must be the core, as the key point to connect the upstream and downstream enterprises and the diversified business.
The four is the diversification of business in the park. Besides the various upstream and downstream business models, it also has many derivative services. For example, equipment leasing and sharing, typical examples are pallets, turnover boxes and forklifts and other logistics equipment, such as supply chain finance, raw material procurement and so on.
Three, the advantage of cold chain logistics park's "sharing ecosystem" mode.
In the current cold chain logistics park, there are problems of "difficult operation", "expensive land use", "difficult landing" and inadequate investment in infrastructure. Under the shared ecological model, the cold chain logistics park will truly wave the intensive advantage. In particular, the main advantages are the following.
First, we should save infrastructure investment, reduce costs and increase profit margins. Modern, relatively high standard cold chain investment, including buildings and facilities, is usually about 6000 yuan per square meter, about 3 times the normal temperature, and most small and medium-sized enterprises are difficult to accept. In the shared Park, the enterprises can easily obtain cold chain services by leasing and outsourcing, saving investment in infrastructure, reducing the cost and increasing the possibility of profit.
Two, the cold chain logistics park with shared ecological mode can efficiently integrate resources and improve operational efficiency. One of the main purposes of the construction of the park is to integrate resources, in the light of the shallow level, that is, the same or similar enterprises are concentrated together, sharing water, electricity, gas, communications, transportation, banking, business tax, office, diet and other supporting facilities to facilitate the administration of the government and the park; in a deep sense, supply chain resources are realized. Integration, congener enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises gather together, cooperate with each other, share the core functions of supply chain, such as logistics, distribution, warehousing and purchasing, and improve operation efficiency. In the long run, the integration of single point supply chain resources through the park provides the basis for the replication of network layout, the mining and application of large data. The foundation is to further integrate the social supply chain.
The three is the effect of industrial cluster. The industrial cluster of automobile manufacturing industry and the industrial cluster of electronic products are the types of industrial clusters we are familiar with. In the field of cold chain logistics, the establishment of the "shared ecology" cold chain logistics park is also easy to realize the effect of industrial cluster.
In fact, the industrial cluster is the processing depth of some kind of product and the extension of the industrial chain. It is also the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure. The core of the industrial cluster is the high concentration of the industry in a certain space. To achieve the cold chain logistics industry cluster, first of all, we can greatly improve the efficiency of regional cold chain logistics. A large number of cold chain related enterprises can develop in a certain area and share the efficiency of division and cooperation. Secondly, it can produce snowball agglomeration effect, attract more related enterprises to gather here, expand and strengthen the agglomeration effect. Third, it can promote the rapid derivation and growth of new business in the cluster. For example, supply chain finance, equipment leasing, testing and R & D, etc.
The four is to facilitate government supervision. Cold chain logistics is closely related to food safety. Food processing, central kitchen and so on are directly related to food safety. based on the increasingly stringent regulatory situation of food safety in China, the threshold of future food processing and logistics will inevitably be improved, and the current disorganized production and logistics will be centralised to a certain extent. The cold chain logistics park with "shared ecology" mode coincided with this regulatory situation. Centralized location and unified standardized park management are powerful conditions for convenient supervision.
Four, the difficulty of realizing the "shared ecology" model
Sharing ecological mode is the development trend of cold chain logistics park, but the following difficulties need to be overcome in the process of implementation.
One is to start a big investment. The cold chain logistics infrastructure is a heavy asset investment, and the investment in the cold chain logistics park is the most important, but to form a "shared ecological" mode of cold chain logistics park is necessary for a certain area and scale, and the investment is not rare in the billions. Without strong financial strength or government led investment, it is difficult to start projects.
Two, the choice and start-up steps of different businesses in the park are very important. This is one of the key points for the healthy operation of the park after its completion. Urban distribution, multi storehouse storage, regional cargo collection, central kitchen and other core business of the park, which will start first, which will start later and which will start synchronously? Supply chain finance, equipment leasing, food trade and other derivatives business, how do we need to choose? Different cold chain logistics parks have different conditions and different markets.
But generally speaking, the shared ecological model cold chain logistics park is to meet the urban residents' cold chain service as the location, and the city distribution is the essential core function, with the urban distribution as the entry point, the logistics function of the multi temperature area storage, sorting collection and so on, and the material processing, the central kitchen, the regional allocation and the supply chain. The functions of finance, equipment leasing, food trade and so on are determined according to the different conditions of the park.
Three, the cold chain logistics park's sharing ecological mode requires a strong co-ordination of management team and operation team to achieve the ultimate goal. The shared ecological model is a series of business models based on the current development and future trend of the cold chain logistics, with the core distribution and logistics business as the link, a variety of logistics business and closely related processing business, and supporting and deriving financial, leasing, information platform, research and development and other business models. The diversification and business complexity of the participants put forward high requirements for the management and operation team, which requires the team to handle the applicability of various types of business and the cohesion between different businesses. The team is powerless, still unable to play the advantage of sharing the ecosystem.
Four, the shared ecosystem is a new mode. It needs vigorous marketing and education to enhance the understanding and acceptance of the shared ecosystem. Promoting the shared ecological model of cold chain logistics park is an inevitable requirement for urban development and residents' life service. It is the key means of integrating resources, intensive management and improving efficiency. It is an important step for the rapid development of cold chain logistics industry. In order to realize the integration of the whole social cold chain logistics resources and the promotion of the overall efficiency of the whole industry, the whole national distribution network, and the integration and mining of large data resources are the starting point for the realization of the single point shared ecological cold chain logistics park.
Source: cold chain observation, cold chain battle frontline editor